What does the term "minimal risk" mean in research?

The term "minimal risk" in research refers to the level of risk that is not greater than what individuals typically encounter in their daily lives. This definition is important because it establishes a benchmark for determining the acceptability of research involving human participants. The concept is rooted in the ethical principles of research, particularly in protecting participants from undue harm.

When research poses minimal risk, it assures that the potential harm or discomfort anticipated from participation is comparable to that which is experienced in everyday activities. This allows researchers to conduct studies while considering the safety and well-being of participants. Understanding this term helps researchers and ethics boards evaluate the appropriateness of certain studies and the need for special protections or considerations in research design.

In contrast, the other options either misinterpret the concept of minimal risk or apply it inaccurately. For instance, implying that minimal risk equates to an absence of any potential harm fails to recognize that some level of risk is inherently present in all research involving human subjects. Additionally, stating that minimal risk is applicable only to physical health studies limits the broader applicability of this term to various fields of research. Therefore, defining minimal risk as a risk level not greater than daily life encounters aligns with ethical standards in research practice.