Which type of information can schools disclose without parental consent?

Schools can disclose directory information without parental consent because this type of information is generally considered non-sensitive and can include items like a student's name, address, phone number, date and place of birth, honors and awards, and dates of attendance. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) allows educational institutions to define what constitutes directory information and to disclose it without obtaining permission from parents or eligible students, as long as they have notified them and provided an opportunity to opt-out.

In contrast, grades and academic performance, disciplinary records, and health information are typically regarded as more sensitive. These types of information usually require parental consent for disclosure under FERPA, ensuring that students’ private educational records are protected from unauthorized access. By distinguishing between types of information in this way, schools can balance the need for privacy with the ability to share certain information that may be beneficial for school purposes or community awareness.