Why can the peer review process create conflicts of interest?

The peer review process is intended to ensure the quality and credibility of academic research by evaluating the work submitted for publication. However, when peer reviewers have personal biases or conflicts related to the research area, it can significantly impact their judgment regarding the study. This bias may arise from various factors, such as previous collaborations, competition, or differing theoretical perspectives within the field.

When reviewers are biased, their evaluations may not be objective, leading to unfair scrutiny of the research or favoritism towards certain methodologies or conclusions. Such biases undermine the integrity of the peer review system and can ultimately influence which studies are published, affecting the dissemination of knowledge in the field. Therefore, the correct choice highlights a fundamental issue in the peer review process that can lead to conflicts of interest.